[UPDATED 2024] Free Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam Questions Self-Assess Preparation [Q12-Q31]

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December 16, 2024

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[UPDATED 2024] Free Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam Questions Self-Assess Preparation

NSE7_NST-7.2 Free Sample Questions to Practice One Year Update

Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Routing: This topic discusses troubleshooting of routing packets, BGP routing, and OSPF routing.
Topic 2	System troubleshooting: It discusses troubleshooting of automation stitches, resource problems, different operation modes, security fabric issues, and connectivity problems.
Topic 3	Authentication: This topic focuses on troubleshooting of local and remote authentication and Fortinet Single Sign-On (FSSO) issues.
Topic 4	Security profiles: The topic delves into the sub-topics related to troubleshooting of FortiGuard issues, web filtering issues, and the intrusion prevention system (IPS).
Topic 5	VPN: Troubleshooting of IPsec IKE version 1 and 2 issues is discussed in this topic.

NO.12 Exhibit.

Refer to the exhibit, which contains the partial output of the get vpn ipsec tunnel details command. Based on the output, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)

Anti-replay is enabled.

The npu_flag for this tunnel is 03.

The npu_flag for this tunnel is 02

Different SPI values are a result of auto-negotiation being disabled for phase 2 selectors.

* Anti-replay Enabled:
* The exhibit showsreplay: enabled, which confirms that anti-replay is enabled for this IPsec tunnel. Anti-replay is a security feature that prevents replay attacks by ensuring that packets are not duplicated or reused.
* NPU Acceleration:
* TheNPU acceleration: encryption (outbound) decryption (inbound)line indicates that Network Processing Unit (NPU) acceleration is used.
* The npu_flag for this tunnel is 02. This indicates that encryption and decryption are handled by the NPU, improving the performance of the VPN tunnel.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting IPsec VPN Tunnels(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Verifying IPsec VPN Tunnels(Fortinet Docs)(Fortinet Docs).

NO.13 Which three conditions are required for two FortiGate devices to form an OSPF adjacency? (Choose three.)

OSPF link costs match.

OSPF interface priority settings are unique

OSPF interface network types match

Authentication settings match.

OSPF router IDs are unique.

* OSPF Interface Network Types:
* The network types of the interfaces on both FortiGate devices must match. Common network
* types include broadcast, point-to-point, and non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA).
* Authentication Settings:
* Both devices must have matching authentication settings (if authentication is used). This includes the same authentication type (none, simple password, or MD5) and the same password or key.
* OSPF Router IDs:
* Each OSPF router must have a unique router ID within the OSPF domain. The router ID is typically an IPv4 address selected from one of the router’s interfaces or manually configured.
* Link Costs and Interface Priority:
* While link costs and interface priorities are important for route selection and designated router (DR) elections, they do not prevent OSPF adjacency formation if they differ.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* OSPF Configuration Guides

NO.14 Refer to the exhibits.

An administrator is attempting to advertise the network configured on port3. However, FGT-A is not receiving the prefix.
Which two actions can the administrator take to fix this problem” (Choose two.)

Restart BGP using a soft reset, which forces both peers to exchange their complete BGP routing tables.

Manually add the BGP route on FGT-A.

Modify the prefix using the network command from 172.16.0.0/16 to 172.16.54.0724.

Use the set network-import-check disable command.

* Soft Reset of BGP:
* Performing a soft reset of BGP is a common method to resolve issues where prefixes are not being
* received. It forces both BGP peers to resend their complete routing tables to each other.
* This can be done using the command:execute router clear bgp soft inandexecute router clear bgp soft out.
* Network Import Check:
* Thenetwork-import-checkcommand controls whether the FortiGate should verify that the prefix exists in the routing table before advertising it.
* Disabling this check can resolve issues where valid prefixes are not advertised due to stringent verification.
* The command to disable this is:config router bgp set network-import-check disable end.
* BGP Configuration Verification:
* Ensure that the BGP configuration on FGT-B is correctly set to advertise the network
172.16.54.0/24.
* Verify that the network statement is correctly configured and matches the intended prefix.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Technical Note on Configuring BGP(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Configuring BGP on FortiGate(Fortinet Document Library).

NO.15 What are two functions of automation stitches? (Choose two.)

You can configure automation stitches on any FortiGate device in a Security Fabric environment.

You can create automation stitches to run diagnostic commands and attach the results to an email message when CPU or memory usage exceeds specified thresholds.

An automation stitch configured to execute actions sequentially can take parameters from previous actions as input for the current action.

You can set an automation stitch configured to execute actions in parallel to insert a specific delay between actions.

* Automation Stitches Overview:
* Automation stitches in FortiOS allow administrators to automate responses to specific events, such as running diagnostic commands or taking corrective actions when certain thresholds are exceeded.
* Diagnostic Commands and Alerts:
* Automation stitches can be configured to run diagnostic commands and attach the results to email alerts. This is useful for monitoring and troubleshooting purposes, particularly when CPU or memory usage exceeds set thresholds.
* Sequential Execution with Parameters:
* When actions are executed sequentially, each action can take parameters from the previous action as input. This enables more complex workflowsand automation sequences where the output of one action influences the next.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Configuring and using automation stitches(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
* Fortinet Community: Automation stitches and their applications in FortiOS(Hammertux)(Fortinet GURU).

NO.16 Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of get router info ospf neighbor.

What can you conclude from the command output?

The local FortiGate Is not a DROther.

All neighbors are in area 0.0.0.0.

The local FortiGate is the BDR.

The network type connectingthe local Fortigate and OSPF neighbor 0.0.0.10 is point-to-point.

* Understanding OSPF Roles:
* In OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), routers can have different roles: Designated Router (DR), Backup Designated Router (BDR), and DROther. These roles help manage and optimize the OSPF network traffic.
* DR and BDR are elected to minimize the number of adjacencies and reduce the amount of routing information exchange.
* DROther routers are neither DR nor BDR but can still participate in the OSPF network by maintaining adjacencies with DR and BDR.
* Analyzing the Exhibit:
* The exhibit shows the OSPF neighbor states for the local FortiGate.
* Neighbor ID 0.0.0.1 is in the state Full/DR (Designated Router).
* Neighbor ID 0.0.0.3 is in the state Full/DROther (DROther).
* Neighbor ID 0.0.0.10 has no specific designation, implying it is neither DR nor BDR.
* Conclusion:
* Since the local FortiGate shows neighbors in Full/DR and Full/DROther states and itself does not have a state of DROther, it can be concluded that the local FortiGate is not a DROther.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Understanding OSPF roles and states(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(cyruslab).
* Fortinet Documentation: OSPF neighbor states and elections(Fortinet Docs).

NO.17 Exhibit.

Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of getrouterinfo bgp neighbors100.64.2.254.
What can you conclude from the output?

The BGP neighbor is advertising the 10.20.30.40/24 network to the local router.

The router ID of the neighbor is 100.64.2.254.

The BGP state of the two BGP participants is OpenConfirm.

The local router is adverting the 10.20.30.40/24 network to its BGP neighbor.

* BGP Advertisement:The output from the commandget router info bgp neighbors 100.64.2.254 advertised-routesshows the routes that the local router is advertising to its BGP neighbor.
* Output Analysis:
* TheNetworkcolumn lists the networks being advertised.
* TheNext Hopcolumn indicates the next-hop IP address for these routes.
* The line*> 10.20.30.40/24 100.64.2.1indicates that the 10.20.30.40/24 network is being advertised with a next-hop of 100.64.2.1.
* Local Router’s Role:Since the output lists the advertised routes, it means that the local router (with router ID 172.16.1.254) is advertising the 10.20.30.40/24 network to its neighbor 100.64.2.254.
This confirms that the local router is indeed advertising the specified network to its BGP neighbor.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Understanding BGP Route Advertisements(Fortinet Document Library)(Fortinet Docs).

NO.18 Referto the exhibit, which shows oneway communication of the downstream FortiGate with the upstream FortiGate within a Security Fabric.

What three actions must you take to ensure successful communication? (Choose three.)

Ensure the port for Neighbor Discovery has been changed.

FortiGate must not be in NAT mode.

Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way

You must authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate.

You must enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate.

The exhibit shows a sniffer capture where TCP port 8013 is being used for communication. The communication appears one-way, indicating potential issues with the upstream FortiGate receiving the necessary packets or being able to respond.
To ensure successful communication in a Security Fabric setup:
* Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way: Verify that no firewalls or network devices between the downstream and upstream FortiGates are blocking TCP port 8013. This port is crucial for Security Fabric communication.
* Authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate: In the Security Fabric, the root FortiGate must recognize and authorize the downstream FortiGate to allow proper communication and management.
* Enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate: The upstream FortiGate must have the Security Fabric or Fortitelemetry enabled on the interface that receives the communication from the downstream FortiGate. This enables proper data exchange and monitoring within the Security Fabric.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Security Fabric Configuration
* Fortinet Community Discussion on Port Requirements

NO.19

If the default settings are in place, what can you conclude about the conserve mode shown in the exhibit?

FortiGate is currently blocking new sessions that require flow-based or proxy-based content inspection.

FortiGate is currently blocking all new sessions regardless of the content inspection requirements or configuration settings because of high memory use.

FortiGate is currently allowing new sessions that require flow-based or proxy-based content inspection but is not performing inspection on those sessions.

FortiGate is currently allowing new sessions that require flow-based content inspection and blocking sessions that require proxy-based content inspection.

* Conserve Mode Overview:Conserve mode is a state that FortiGate enters to protect itself from running out of memory. It is triggered when the memory usage reaches certain thresholds.
* Thresholds:The default settings for conserve mode thresholds are:
* Red Threshold:88% memory usage.
* Extreme Threshold:95% memory usage.
* Green Threshold:82% memory usage.
* Impact on Sessions:When in conserve mode:
* New sessions requiring flow-based content inspection are blocked.
* New sessions requiring proxy-based content inspection are also blocked to free up memory resources.
* Current Memory State in Exhibit:The exhibit shows:
* Total RAM: 3040 MB.
* Memory used: 2706 MB (89% of total RAM).
* Memory usage exceeds the red threshold (88%), thus triggering conserve mode.
Given that the memory usage is above the red threshold and conserve mode is active, the FortiGate will block new sessions requiring both flow-based and proxy-based content inspection to conserve memory.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of Conserve Mode and Its Impact(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Conserve Mode Settings and Management(Fortinet Docs).

NO.20 Exhibit.

Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose syssessionlist.
If the HA ID for the primary device is0. what happens if the primary failsand the secondary becomes the primary?

The session will be removed from the session table of the secondary device because of the presence of allowed errorpackets, which will force the client to restart the session with the server.

The session state is preserved but the kernel will need to re-evaluate the session because NAT was applied.

Traffic for this session continues to be permitted on the new primary device after failover. without requiring the client to restart the session with the server.

The secondary device has this session synchronized; however, because application control is applied, the session is marked dirty and has to be re-evaluated after failover.

* Session Synchronization:
* FortiGate HA (High Availability) ensures that active sessions are synchronized between the primary and secondary devices. This synchronization allows for seamless failover and continuity of sessions.
* Handling NAT Sessions:
* The session in the exhibit has NAT applied, as indicated by thehook=post dir=org act=snatentry.
FortiGate’s HA setup is designed to handle such sessions, ensuring that traffic continues without interruption during failover.
* Session Preservation:
* Even with the presence of NAT, the session state is preserved across the HA devices. This means that ongoing sessions do not require re-establishment by the client, thus providing a seamless experience.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: HA session synchronization and failover
* Fortinet Community: Understanding session synchronization in FortiGate HA

NO.21 Which two statements about application-layer test commands ate true? (Choose two.)

Some of them display statistics and configuration information about a feature or process.

Some of them display real-time application debugs.

Some of them display only output, after you run the diagnose debug console enable command.

Some of them can be used to restart an application.

* Statistics and Configuration Information:
* Application-layer test commands can display detailed statistics and configuration information about specific features or processes. For example, commands likediagnose vpn ipsec tunnel list provide detailed statistics about VPN tunnels.
* Real-time Debugs:
* These commands also facilitate real-time debugging of applications and processes. For instance, usingdiagnose debug applicationfollowed by the specific application, such asfssod, provides real-time debug information which is crucial for troubleshooting.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Useful FSSO Commands and Troubleshooting(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Application-layer Test Commands(Fortinet GURU).

NO.22 Refer to the exhibit. whichcontains the output of diagnose vpn tunnellist.

Which command will capture ESP traffic for the VPN named DialUp_0?

diagnose sniffer packet any ‘host10.0.10.10’

diagnose sniffer packet any ‘ip proto 50’

diagnose sniffer packet any ‘esp and host 10*200.3.2’

diagnose sniffer packet any ‘port 4500’

* Capturing ESP Traffic:
* ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) traffic is associated with IPsec and is identified by the protocol number 50. To capture ESP traffic, you need to filter packets based on this protocol.
* In this specific case, you also need to filter for the host associated with the VPN tunnel, which is
10.200.3.2as indicated in the exhibit.
* Sniffer Command:
* The correct command to capture ESP traffic for the VPN namedDialUp_0is:
diagnose sniffer packet any ‘espandhost10.200.3.2’
* This command ensures that only ESP packets to and from the specified host are captured, providing a focused and relevant data set for troubleshooting.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Verifying IPsec VPN Tunnels(Fortinet Docs)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting IPsec VPN Tunnels(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet Docs).

NO.23 Refer to the exhibit,which shows the output of a diagnose command

What two conclusions can you draw from the output shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)

This is an expected session created by the IPS engine.

Traffic in the original direction (coming from the IP address 10.171.121.38) will be routed to the next-hop IP address 10.0.1.10.

Traffic in the original direction (coming from the IP address 10.171.121.38) will be routed to the next-hop IP address 10.200.1.1.

This is a pinhole session created to allow traffic for a protocol that requires additional sessions to operate through FortiGate.

* Session Creation:The output shows an expected session, likely due to a pinhole, which is a dynamically created rule to allow specific traffic through the firewall.
* Routing Decision:
* The original direction of traffic comes from the IP address 10.171.121.38.
* The next-hop IP address for this traffic is 10.0.1.10 as indicated by the routing decision in the output.
* Pinhole Session:Pinhole sessions are typically created for protocols that require additional sessions (e.g., FTP, SIP) to function properly. This ensures the necessary traffic can pass through the firewall.
* Debugging Commands:Thediagnose sys session listcommand is used to list session information, which helps in understanding traffic flow and troubleshooting connectivity issues.
References:
* Fortinet Network Security Support Engineer Study Guide for FortiOS 7.2(ebin.pub).
* General IPsec VPN configuration from Fortinet documentation(Fortinet Docs).

NO.24 Refer to the exhibit, which shows the omitted output of FortiOS kernel slabs.

Which statement is true?

The total slab size of the tcp_sessior. slab Is 7500 kB and is associated with the kernel.

The total slab size of the ip6_session slab is 1300 kB and is associated with the kernel.

The total slab size of the sctp_session slab is 0 kB and is associated with the user space

The total slab size of the ip_session slab is 3600 kB and is associated with the user space.

* Kernel Slabs Overview:
* The slab allocator in the Linux kernel is used for efficient memory management. It groups objects of the same type into caches, which are divided into slabs.
* Each slab contains multiple objects and helps to minimize fragmentation and enhance memory allocation efficiency.
* Interpreting the Exhibit:
* The exhibit shows output related to various kernel slab caches.
* The line forip6_sessionindicates that there are 1300 kB allocated for this slab, which means the total memory size allocated for IPv6 session objects in the kernel is 1300 kB.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of kernel slab allocation and usage(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
* Linux Kernel Documentation: Slab Allocator details(Hammertux).

NO.25 There are four exchanges during IKEv2 negotiation.
Which sequence is correct?

IKE_Proposal,ID_Auth, PiggyBack_CHILD and Informational

lnit_Req, Wait_lnit_Req,ID_Auth_Req and Create_CHILD_SA

INIT_Re, INIT_Auth,ID_Child and SET_Nonce

IKE_SAJNIT, IKE_Auth, Create_CHILD_SA and Informational

* IKE_SA_INIT:
* This is the first exchange in IKEv2. It establishes a secure, authenticated channel between peers and negotiates cryptographic algorithms and keys.
* IKE_Auth:
* The second exchange authenticates the IKE SA (Security Association) using the previously negotiated keys and algorithms. This exchange also establishes the first IPsec SA.
* Create_CHILD_SA:
* This exchange creates additional IPsec SAs after the initial authentication. It can also be used to rekey existing IPsec SAs to maintain security.
* Informational:
* This is a generic exchange used for various purposes such as error notification, deletion of SAs, and other control messages.
References:
* Fortinet Community: IKEv2 packet exchanges and troubleshooting
* Fortinet Documentation: IPsec VPN Concepts

NO.26 Which exchange lakes care of DoS protection in IKEv2?

IKE_Req_INIT

IKE_SA_INIT

IKE_Auth

Create_CHILD_SA

* IKE_SA_INIT Exchange:
* The IKE_SA_INIT exchange is the first step in the IKEv2 negotiation process. It is responsible for setting up the initial security association (SA) and performing Diffie-Hellman key exchange.
* During this exchange, the responder may employ various measures to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, such as rate limiting and the use of puzzles to increase the computational cost for an attacker.
* DoS Protection Mechanisms:
* One key method involves limiting the number of half-open SAs from any single IP address or subnet.
* The IKE_SA_INIT exchange can also incorporate the use of stateless cookies, which help to verify the initiator’s legitimacy without requiring extensive resource allocation by the responder until the initiator is verified.
References:
* RFC 5996: Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2)(RFC Editor).
* RFC 8019: Protecting Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Implementations from Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks(IETF Datatracker).

NO.27 Exhibit.

Refer to the exhibit, which shows the omitted output of diagnose npu np6 port-list on a FortiGate1500D.
An administrator is unable to analyze traffic flowing between port1 and port7 using the diagnose sniffer command.
Which two commands allow the administrator to view the traffic? (Choose two.)

* Diagnose NPU NP6 Port-list Disable Command:
* Thediagnose npu np6 port-list disablecommand disables specific ports on the NP6 processor.
This can help in cases where you need to analyze traffic and the hardware offloading is interfering.
* Command:diagnose npu np6 port-list disable 5 17(as shown in Option A).
* Diagnose NPU NP6 Fastpath Disable Command:
* Disabling the fastpath feature on NP6 can also allow for better visibility into the traffic as it bypasses hardware acceleration, which might obscure traffic details.
* Command:diagnose npu np6 fastpath disable 0(as shown in Option C).
References:
* Fortinet Documentation on Troubleshooting BGP and NPU Settings(Fortinet Docs).
* Fortinet Community Technical Notes on NPU and Traffic Analysis(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).

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